Tying Instructions:| 1) Secure the thread to the hook just behind the eye and wrap back to the bend. NOTE: Pictured here is the Mustad Signature dry fly hook (R30). I can't say enough about these hooks. They are the best I've seen... chemically sharpened, micro barbs, fine craftsmanship, easy to follow coding, and high carbon steel tempered just right (not brittle like other high-carbon hooks). I highly recommend them. |  | | 2) Tail Trouble You may have noticed if you tie flies larger than #16 that tail fibers of the proper length and stiffness are hard to come by these days. The wonderful genetic saddles give us lots of hackling for the money. They don't, however, contain the tail fibers. You could use saddle hackles, but really these are too soft and at the very least will have to be waterproofed and then treated with floatant on stream. Enter Whiting American capes. These are specifically raised for streamer/bass applications, so there are wider, larger feathers. They are perfect for featherwing streamers and are very economical. The bonus... they have great spade hackles on the sides of the capes with stiff, long barbs. The barb count is not real high, though, but you can still get a good-size clump using the following technique. |  | | In most early spring waters where this pattern is fished, the water is high and you'll be fishing riffles and pocket water where lots of hackle and a thick, stiff tail are necessary to help keep the fly riding high. To get a thicker tail, even up the fibers on the feather and clip them from the stem. Carefully bundle them together so the tips stay even. Lash them loosely to the hook with a couple light turns of the tying thread. This is just a place to hold the bundle together so you can add more fibers to it. Clip another section of barbs and hold them against the bundle lashed to the hook so the tips align. Grasp both bundles with your left hand and undo the thread to free the first bundle. Gather both bundles into one. This is a particularly useful technique if you have skinny fingers like I do and can't keep a hold of very many fibers at one time. |  | | 3) Measure the tail fibers (now one large bundle) against the hook for length. I like my dry fly tails to equal the shank length plus the hook eye, so I grasp the bundle at the tip end, using my thumbnail to mark the tie-in point. Hold the bundle against the shank at an angle, take a loose turn of thread, then another couple tight turns in front of that to pull the bundle to the top of the shank. This keeps the bundle gathered together and neat, which will help when it's time for the body. Notice the length of the barbs in the photos. The hook shown is a #12. These fibers could easily be used up to about a size 8 dry fly. |  | | Here's where it starts to get a little strange. Most books and instructions say to tie in the wings, clip the butt ends at an angle, and "blend" in the butt ends of the tail fibers to make a smooth underbody. Here, just the tail fibers form the underbody, giving us a nice slim profile. Continue wrapping the thread over the butt ends, lashing them to the top of the shank, up to about half way between the hook point and eye. This is how long the body will be. Clip the excess butt ends. Let the bobbin hang for a moment so it untwists and the thread lays flat. |  | | 4) Spiral the flattened thread back toward the bend for a couple turns so it is now above the hook point. Select a wild turkey biot and place the very tip of it at the front of the body, with the thinner, transparent edge on the far side. Continue spiraling the thread rearward over the biot, lashing it to the top of the shank. Stop about a half thread's width from the bend, then reverse and smoothly wind the flattened thread forward to the front of the body. |  | | Pull the biot up, then bend it over to the far side of the hook. You should have a ridge on the front edge of the biot, with the thinner edge to the rear. Clip the butt end of the biot in an English-style hackle pliers. Begin wrapping the biot forward with good tension... just enough that it's tight, but you don't tear it at the bend. |  | | For the first couple of turns, lay the thin edge just over the ridge of the previous wrap. From there concentrate on the markings, creating an even spiraling, segmented body. When you reach the thread, and it's in the way for another wrap, take a turn around the shank with the thread so it is now behind the biot. Pull it tight and take another wrap of the biot. It should now be forward of the tying thread. Keep hold of the hackle pliers so the body stays put, and take two more tight turns of the tying thread directly over the previous one. |  | | 5) Carefully remove the hackle pliers while holding the the thread taught. Add a thin coat of lacquer to the biot body and give it a couple minutes to soak in and start drying. Doing this now helps keep the body in tact when the excess is clipped. |  | | 6) Make a small cut in the excess biot on the thin, transparent side as indicated by the red line in the photo. Pull down a little on the thread bobbin to maintain tension, then gently pull the biot down, unwrapping it for one turn. It will naturally tear along the cut, then the thread, for about a turn. After one turn unwrapping/tearing it, trim the excess. |  | | Cover any exposed ends with a couple turns of thread and add a small drop of cement to the wraps. You can see how this little trick produces a small tie-off area and the body stays nicely wrapped. |  | | 7) Fuller Wings Here's another part of my unconventional method. The butt ends of the wing fibers are tied into the thorax area. This builds up this area to produce a silhouette more like the natural. As a bonus, you can tie the hackle in behind the wings by the butt, and the natural taper (the hackle fibers get shorter as you get nearer to the tip) is offset by the extra bulk and the typical cone-shape hackling is avoided. To get a fuller wing, I use the same method employed in getting a fuller tail... clip a segment of the dun-dyed mallard flank, align the tips, and lash it to the shank with a couple loose turns of thread to hold it there. Clip another segment, add it to the first, and continue until you have enough to form two wings of the proper bulk (to your liking). Once you have enough mallard flank fibers, measure the bundle for length. Here again, I like my wings to equal the shank plus the hook eye, like the tail. Trim the bundle one hook eye width longer. |  | | This extra hook eye length is the portion that gets tied to the hook in the thorax area. Hold the bundle against the shank at an angle and take a couple tight turns to move the butt ends on top of the shank. Two more tight turns secures it in place. Leave a little of the excess exposed as shown in the photo. Add a drop of cement to the thread wraps to help keep the wings from spinning around the hook in the next step. 8) Lift the wing fibers up and take a couple turns behind them. Do not "build a thread dam" to prop them up... this is not necessary and only adds unwanted bulk. Slide your thumbnail behind and underneath the wing fibers and push them forward. They will spread a bit and you can now easily determine equal amounts of fibers for each wing. With your thumbnail in place, pull some of the fibers to the far side, others to the near side, to distribute them into two wings. Grasp one of the wing bundles with your right hand, then use your left hand to drape the thread over the shank, between the two wings. Take two turns of the thread diagonally between the wings. Then take two more turns of thread diagonally the other way, so the wraps cross-cross. This gathers the fibers into two wings. |  | | 9) Bring the thread behind the wings. Grasp the far wing bundle and hold it up. Take the thread between the wings diagonally again, then go around the far side of the far wing, taking a turn of the thread around the wing only in a counter-clockwise direction (if you were looking down on the fly), near its base. Take a total of three turns around the base of the far wing, then, with thread between the wings and the bobbing forward of the hook eye, pull the thread forward to position the wing. The thread tension will pull the wing up. When it is upright, bring the thread down on the near side of the hook and take a turn by going under the shank, then up on the far side, and back down on the near side... this is making a turn in the opposite direction than normal. Keeping the thread tight, take another turn to bring the thread behind the wings again. As you make the turn behind the wings, bring the thread up and between the wings. Grasp the near wing bundle and take three turns of the thread around it in a clockwise direction (looking down on it). After the third turn, bring the thread diagonally between the wings, then down on the far side. Again, use thread tension to position the wing and take a two tight turns to secure it. The thread should now wrap in the normal direction. NOTE: This step was beyond my skills to photograph clearly. If you need any clarification don't hesitate to e-mail me. Notice how starting with the wing tips pointing to the rear, then lifting them up into place, you get longer fibers at the front of the wing, and shorter fibers to the rear (a result of folding the bundle up). This produces a proper profile. Using "conventional" methods of starting with the tips forward of the hook eye then lifting them up produces wings that are shaped "backwards." Perhaps the fish don't care, but you get a nicer-looking fly. |  | | 10) Select a proper size hackle (1½ to 2 times the hook gap). Place it against the shank and take a turn of thread, using the thread tension to turn the hackle into position... the fibers are perpendicular to the shank, as shown in the photo. Take another turn to secure it. |  | | Bring the thread in front of the wings, tightly binding the hackle stem beneath the wings in the thorax area. Leave the thread about a thread width behind the hook eye. |  | | 11) Wrap the hackle. For a size 12 fly to be used on fast, high water and riffles, I try to get five turns behind the wings, then about eight turns in front. Keep the wraps tight, and don't worry about overlapping... this may even be necessary to fill in any gaps. Just get the wraps on there. If the hackle wraps overlap, fibers will be forced to the rear or forward, and this produces some criss-crossing hackles... actually a desirable feature for a fast water dry fly. This also helps the overall look of the hackle in terms of symmetry. |  | | 12) With the hackle wrapped, take a couple turns of thread to secure it and clip the step close... leave about a millimeter of stem exposed. On the next turn of thread, stroke the hackle fibers back out of the way, and wrap over the exposed stem, forcing it down along the shank. Take two more tight turns of thread, then whip finish - four or five turns is sufficient. Clip the thread and coat the head with cement. |  |
Special Materials: Wild turkey biots are found on the leading edge of wild turkey primary wing feathers. They are the fibers laying down along the stem in the photo below. The natural markings of the biots from the dark areas produces the banding effect shown on the finished fly. I am not aware of anyone selling these commercially, so you may have to ask around of hunters or others to obtain these feathers... they are usually more than willing to give them to you. Alternatively, you can take white turkey biots and toss them into the dye bath used for the mallard flank. A short time there at low temperature and the biots will only be "edge-dyed," not dyed all the way through. Consult the biot tie-in photos above for how the biots should look... light to white in the middle, and dark edges. CAUTION! DO NOT use a pan or tools that will be used later for food. For clean-up of tools, counter-tops and hands, use Comet. If you can't find the dun-dyed mallard flank, you can easily dye your own. First soak a dozen mallard flank feathers in a jar of water with a teaspoon of liquid fabric softener added, for about twenty minutes. Rinse them well. In a small stainless steel saucepan, add two cups of water, a teaspoon of white vinegar, and a tablespoon of liquid, black RIT dye (widely available in the laundry detergent aisle or fabric stores). Bring it to medium heat, just enough that you see some steam, not boiling, and you're confident it wouldn't burn if you stuck a finger in it. Add the mallard flank feathers to it. Stir them around well and let them soak for about five minutes. Take one out (use tongs, tweezers or a stir stick so you don't color your fingers!) and rinse it in cold water. This will show you how it will look if wet. If it is the proper shade, immediately remove the rest of the feathers from the dye (a small wire mesh strainer is a big help here) and rinse them in cold water. Blown dry the feathers or leave them on a paper towel to dry. Using black dye makes this procedure quick and gives a nice shade of gray. If you do not have a stainless steel saucepan to donate specifically for dying, use an old jar filled with hot water from the faucet, add the dye and vinegar, then the feathers. This will take significantly longer (usually overnight), but can still produce favorable results. For more information on dying your own materials, I highly recommend A.K. Best's book "Dying and Bleaching" from Lyons Press. 
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